Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Teaching on Knowledge and Self-Care Skills of Patients Subjected to Valvular Replacement Surgery

Abstract

Valvular heart disease (VHD) remains common in industrialized countries. Two most common types of valvular disease are aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation. The prevalence of valvular disease increases sharply with age, owing to the predominance of degenerative etiologies. The burden of heart valvular disease in the elderly has an important impact on patient management, given the high frequency of morbidity and the increased risk associated with intervention in this age group. Rheumatic heart disease remains most prevalent in developing countries.
Need for the study: VHD is becoming a major public health problem. Patients are at risk of developing postoperative surgical site infections, bleeding, depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress disorder after heart valvular surgery. The better plan for proper care, understanding and describing postoperative care, and home care management improves better recovery after heart valvular replacement is essential.
Statement of the problem: “A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Teaching on Knowledge and Self-Care Skills of Patients Subjected to valvular Replacement Surgery at KMCH, Coimbatore”.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge and self-care before and after video-assisted teaching among patients with valvular replacement surgery, determine the effectiveness of video -assisted teaching on level of knowledge and self-care skills of patient with valvular replacement surgery and associate them with selected demographic and clinical variables.
Design and Sampling: Pre-experimental research design was used for this study. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the samples.
Instruments: It consisted of demographic and clinical proforma. The knowledge was assessed by knowledge questioner. Katz basic activities of daily living (ADL) and Lawton and Brody instrumental ADL scale were used to observe their self-care skills. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Discussion: Out of 30 subjects, 30% of them are in the age group of 20–30 years and 37% were in the age group of 31–40 years; sex: 57% were male and only 43% were females. 76% were not having the family history; VHD: 47% have undergone MVR surgery by using prosthetic valves. 60% of the subjects are having therapeutic range of PT around 15–20 sec and INR is about 2.1–3.0 sec; with regards to the pretest and posttest knowledge score, there was a significant difference found at the level of 0.01. By considering the self-care skills by Katz basic ADL and Lawton and Brody instrumental ADL, there was a significant difference found in both the scales in pretest and posttest at the level of 0.01.