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Human papillomavirus: a review of DNA based therapeutic cancer vaccines routes of administration

Chelsea Elwood, Nicole Heck, Chad Evans, Joe Newtoff, Kevin Schubach

Abstract


Human Papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection. While the virus can
cause many negative health effects in both males and females, the most concerning and common of
these is cervical cancer in females. Immunization is not effective in clearing HPV infection that is
already present. Therefore, there is a need for therapeutic vaccines that work to combat the virus
in an individual who has already been exposed and has a persistent infection causing cervical
cancer. This paper reviews the literature on DNA vaccines and the success in eliminating cervical
cancer cells by examining the route of administration. The most successful methods stimulated
innate immune responses required to trigger strong and lasting adaptive immune responses.
Currently, the best studies focus on gene gun, electroporation, tattooing, and
microspheres/nanodelivery. Electroporation has the best results and is slightly more efficacious
than the gene gun due to a small advantage in tumor reduction and the presence of larger human
sample sizes. Microspheres show promise as well but require more research. The most common
limitation of these methods is lack of human trials. The data that has been gathered so far is
promising, though, and in the future, it could be groundbreaking in the treatment of cervical
cancer due to persistent oncogenic HPV infection.


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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/ijin.v7i1.1707

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