A Comparative Study on the Development Milestones and the Health of Toddlers (1–3 Years) in Urban and Rural Community of Ludhiana, Punjab

Abstract

Toddler hood is difficult exiting interesting period of life. Developmental milestone are a set of functional skills or age-specific tasks that most children can do at a certain age range The Study sample was 500 toddlers aged 1–3 year was selected 250 from urban and 250 from almost equal number of male and female toddlers. A modified conceptual frame work of the study was based on the Callista Roy Adaptation Model. Data was collected by the use of structured tool for health assessment and DDST scale was used to assess the developmental milestones. Finding of present study related to objective 1 and 4th shows the development milestones of toddlers in urban and rural area. It depicts in age group 12–18 months gross motor milestone in urban area, almost three fourth of subjects 47(73.44%) had normal milestones and one fourth 17(26.56%) had mild delayed and no subject had delayed gross motor milestones. Whereas in rural area, 32(54.24%) had normal, 19(32.20%) had mild delayed and 8(13.56%) had delayed gross motor milestones. Regarding fine motor milestones in urban area, 30(46.88%) had mild delayed, 25(39.06%) had normal and 9(14.06%) had delayed fine motor milestones and in rural area, 23(38.98%) had mild delayed and equal number of subjects 18(30.51%) had normal and delayed fine motor milestones. As per language in urban area, half number of subjects 32(50%) had mild delayed language, 27(42.18%) had normal and 5(7.82%) had delayed language. In rural area, more than half 34(57.63%) had mild delayed, 9(15.25%) had normal language and 16(27.12%) had delayed language. According to personal social, 45(70.32%) had normal personal social, 15(23.43%) had mild delayed and 4(6.25%) had delayed personal social. In rural area 20(33.90%) had normal, 29(49.15%) had mild delayed and 10(16.95%) had delayed personal social milestones. Hence, it is concluded overall development milestones in urban area, shows majority of subjects 43(67.18%) had normal, 21(32.82%) had mild delayed development milestones and no subject had delayed development milestones. In rural area, 36(61.2%) had mild delayed, 12(20.34%) had normal and 11(18.64%) had delayed development milestones. In age 18–24 months, in urban area, 39(62.90%) had normal gross motor milestones, 22(35.48%) had mild delayed and only 1(1.61%) had delayed gross motor milestones. Whereas in rural area, majority of subjects 36(55.38%) had mild delayed, 24(36.92%) had normal gross motor milestones and 5(7.69%) had delayed gross motor milestones. Regarding fine motor milestones in urban area, 37(59.68%) had normal, 21(33.87%) had mild delayed and only 4(6.45%) had delayed fine motor milestones. In rural area, 27(41.54%) had mild delayed fine motor milestones, 14(21.54%) had normal and 19(29.43%) had delayed fine motor milestones. As per language in urban area, almost half number of subjects 32(51.61%) had mild delayed in language, 23(37.10%) had normal language and 7(11.29%) had delayed language. Similarly, in rural area nearly half number of subjects, 30(46.15%) had mild delayed, 19(29.23%) had normal and 16(24.62%) had delayed language. According to personal social urban area, highest number of subjects 35(56.45%) had mild delayed, 18(29.03%) had normal personal social and 9(14.52%) had delayed personal social milestones. In rural area 38(58.46%) had mild delayed, 20(30.77%) delayed personal social milestones and 7(10.77%) had normal personal social milestones. Hence, it is concluded overall development milestones in urban area shows more than half, 37(59.68%) had mild delayed,25(40.32%) had normal development milestones and no subject had delayed milestones. In rural area, 45(69.23%) had mild delayed. 8(12.31%) had normal development milestones and 12(18.46%) had delayed development milestones. In age 18–24 months, in urban area, 39(62.90%) had normal gross motor milestones, 22(35.48%) had mild delayed and only 1(1.61%) had delayed gross motor milestones. Whereas in rural area, majority of subjects 36(55.38%) had mild delayed, 24(36.92%) had normal gross motor milestones and 5(7.69%) had delayed gross motor milestones. Regarding fine motor milestones in urban area, 37(59.68%) had normal, 21(33.87%) had mild delayed and only 4(6.45%) had delayed fine motor milestones. In rural area, 27(41.54%) had mild delayed fine motor milestones, 14(21.54%) had normal and 19(29.43%) had delayed fine motor milestones. As per language in urban area, almost half number of subjects 32(51.61%) had mild delayed in language, 23(37.10%) had normal language and 7(11.29%) had delayed language. Similarly, in rural area nearly half number of subjects, 30(46.15%) had mild delayed, 19(29.23%) had normal and 16(24.62%) had delayed language. According to personal social urban area, highest number of subjects 35(56.45%) had mild delayed, 18(29.03%) had normal personal social and 9(14.52%) had delayed personal social milestones. In rural area 38(58.46%) had mild delayed, 20(30.77%) delayed personal social milestones and 7(10.77%) had normal personal social milestones. Hence, it is concluded overall development milestones in urban area shows more than half, 37(59.68%) had mild delayed,25(40.32%) had normal development milestones and no subject had delayed milestones. In rural area, 45(69.23%) had mild delayed. 8(12.31%) had normal development milestones and 12(18.46%) had delayed development milestones.