Effectiveness of Music Therapy on Stress, Anxiety and Depression among Clients Scheduled to Undergo Coronary Angiography at Intensive Coronary Care Unit, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai

Abstract

Anxiety is the subjective emotional response to the stressor. It alerts of impending danger and enables a person to take measure to deal with the threat. It often occurs in relation to situations perceived as uncontrollable or unavoidable. “Anxiety is associated with significant morbidity and is often resistant to treatment. Anxiety disorders are highly treatable, yet only about one-third of those suffering from these receive treatment. People with an anxiety disorder are three to five times more likely to go to medical consultation and six times more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric disorders than those who do not suffer from anxiety disorders. “Depression is often associated with the variety of medical conditions particularly endocrine disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. The signs and symptoms include depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, disruption of sleep, appetite, concentration, energy, psychomotor agitation or retardation, feelings of worthlessness and suicidal ideations”. Need for the Study: The Coronary Heart Disease burden in the state of Tamil Nadu accounts for more than 6–7 million. There are an estimated 5% deaths, that is, 3–3.5 lakhs deaths are predicted to die due to Coronary Heart Disease by 2020. Objectives: To assess the level of stress, anxiety and depression among clients scheduled to undergo coronary angiography. To evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy on stress, anxiety and depression among clients scheduled to undergo coronary angiography. To compare the effectiveness of music therapy on stress, anxiety and depression between the experiment and control group clients scheduled to undergo coronary angiography. To associate the level of stress, anxiety and depression with selected demographical variables of experiment group clients scheduled to undergo coronary angiography. To correlate the relationship between stress, anxiety and depression in experiment group and in control group clients scheduled to undergo coronary angiography. Research Design: The research design used in this study was True Experimental—Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. Setting of the Study: The Intensive Coronary Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, clients who listened to 30 minutes of soft melodious music through headphones had a statistically significant reduction in the level of stress, anxiety and depression before undergoing coronary angiography. Those who did not listen to music and took only 30 minutes of uninterrupted bed rest experienced no reduction of stress, anxiety and depression. Because music therapy was cost effective, non-invasive, free from side effects and highly feasible, the researcher concluded that it can be used as an effective intervention to reduce the stress, anxiety and depression for those undergoing coronary angiography procedures.