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Effect of Cryotherapy on Chemotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy at Selected Hospitals of Ludhiana, Punjab: A Randomized Control Trial

satinder kaur mattu, Prabhjot Saini, Amit Dhiman, Ms. Ruchika

Abstract


Background: Chemotherapy is the commonest treatment modality which stops the growth of rapidly dividing cancer and non-cancer cells. The part of the mucosal lining of the mouth is particularly vulnerable to chemotherapy causing oral mucositis. Preventing a complication beforehand is easier and less costly than treating it. In this context oral cooling (cryotherapy-using ice cubes) has become a cheap and readily applicable method in preventing or decreasing oral mucositis. Objective: This study was conducted with an objective to assess the effectiveness of cryotherapy on chemotherapy induced mucositis among patients receiving chemotherapy. Methodology: A randomized control trial was taken up at 70 cancer patients selected by convenience sampling technique and randomized into two groups control (n=35) and experimental group (n=35). The pre and post oral mucositis grades were assessed in both the groups by using two standardized scales, i.e., National Cancer Institute (NCI CTC) and Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS). The data was collected by observation (OMAS scale) and self-report (NCI CTC scale). Results: This study results revealed that none of the subject developed oral mucositis at day 1 in both the groups. As per NCI CTC grading, at day 7 (14.28% versus 48.57% p<0.05) and day 14 (11.42% versus 42.85%, p<0.05) between experimental and control group, respectively. As per OMAS (Ulceration) at day 7 (5.71% versus 22.85% p<0.05) and day 14 (8.57% versus 40%) p<0.05 and as per OMAS (Erythema) at day 7 (00 versus 51.42% p<0.05) and day 14 (8.57% versus 45.71% p<0.05) in experimental and control group, respectively. Conclusion: Most of the subjects developed oral mucositis in control group as compared to significantly less in experimental group at day 7 and 14. Discussion: The present study results revealed that more than half subjects (55.72%) reported oral mucositis among which most of subjects (64.10%) developed mucositis at grade 1 and 17.94% at grade 2 and 3 as per NCI CTC during previous chemotherapy cycle in experimental and control group respectively. Similar study conducted by S. Jacobs et al. (2013) supported the above said results as randomize control trial of 185 subjects assessed for prevalence of chemotherapy induced oral mucositis assessed by WHO scale and results revealed the extent of oral mucositis at grade 1 and 2 (21.7% and 43.5%) and at grade 3 and 4 (87.0%) respective.

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