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A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Pubertal Changes among Pre-pubertal Girls in Selected Urban Schools

Jaya John Varghese

Abstract


Adolescence is the period of immense change. Many changes take place in the body like physical, biochemical, and emotional and sexual growth due to the influence of different hormones. Formation of habits of daily living takes place in this period and persists into the adult period. Modernization has brought changes in dietary patterns and leisure activities. Sedentary behaviour and consumption of fatty and sweetened food and beverages have been recognized and also physical and psychosocial pressures influence adolescents’ eating behavior. Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon that women and adolescent girls experience every month. The ability to manage menstruation hygienically is fundamental to the dignity and well-being of women and constitutes an integral component of basic hygiene, sanitation, and reproductive health services. Objectives: To determine the existing knowledge regarding pre-pubertal health among adolescent girls in selected urban areas. To find out the effect of planned teaching regarding pre-pubertal changes among adolescent girls. Design: Experimental study with one group pre-test post-test was adopted for the study. Setting: Urdu Medium School and New Prakash Marathi Medium School, Pune. Participants: The sample was chosen according to non-probability purposive sampling. The group consists of students of 5th, 6th, and 7th standards, and 50 students were selected for the study. Methods: The tool, a questionnaire was prepared to collect the data related to knowledge regarding pubertal changes. The tool consisted of a questionnaire which had four sections: knowledge about menstruation, information about physical changes, information about menstrual hygiene, and healthy practices and knowledge regarding nutrition consumed during menstruation. Results: The majority of the adolescents were in the age group of 12 years (46%) and the least (4%) were 11 years. The comparison of pre-test and post-test scores of four areas of pubertal changes, menstruation, physical changes, menstrual hygiene, and nutrition shows that in pre-test out of 250 marks for menstruation, they achieved 48% and in post-test, they achieved 75%. And in physical changes, they achieved 71% which increased tremendously to 97%. A similar gain in knowledge occurred in menstrual hygiene, 64% of existing knowledge to 96% marks. And in the pre-test for nutrition, they achieved 62%, and in the post-test 176% marks. Conclusion: A study was done to assess the effectiveness of the teaching program on knowledge regarding pubertal changes among pre-pubertal girls in a selected urban school in Pune city where the majority of the age group was at 12 years (46%), and least at 11 years (4%). During the pre-test, the students were having less knowledge regarding menstruation as compared to other topics (61.6%). After the health education, their knowledge increased (82.2%). So the comparison between pre-test and post-test gives the result of a 25.6% increase in knowledge.

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